Providing command bundle suggestions for an automated assistant

ABSTRACT

Generating and/or recommending command bundles for a user of an automated assistant. A command bundle comprises a plurality of discrete actions that can be performed by an automated assistant. One or more of the actions of a command bundle can cause transmission of a corresponding command and/or other data to one or more devices and/or agents that are distinct from devices and/or agents to which data is transmitted based on other action(s) of the bundle. Implementations determine command bundles that are likely relevant to a user, and present those command bundles as suggestions to the user. In some of those implementations, a machine learning model is utilized to generate a user action embedding for the user, and a command bundle embedding for each of a plurality of command bundles. Command bundle(s) can be selected for suggestion based on comparison of the user action embedding and the command bundle embeddings.

BACKGROUND

An automated assistant (also known as a “personal assistant”, “mobileassistant”, etc.) may be interacted with by a user via a variety ofclient devices, such as smart phones, tablet computers, wearabledevices, automobile systems, standalone personal assistant devices, andso forth. An automated assistant receives input from the user (e.g.,typed and/or spoken natural language input) and responds with responsivecontent (e.g., visual and/or audible natural language output) and/or bycontrolling one or more peripheral devices (e.g., Internet of things(IoT) device(s)). An automated assistant interacted with via a clientdevice may be implemented via the client device itself and/or via one ormore remote computing devices that are in network communication with theclient device (e.g., computing device(s) in “the cloud”).

Automated assistants are often configured to perform a variety ofactions, with each action being performed in response to a predeterminedcanonical command (or a slight variation thereof) that is mapped to theaction. For example, in response to receiving a spoken command of“Assistant, turn off my living room lights”, an automated assistant cancause one or more commands to be transmitted that cause networked lightsof the user, that are labeled as “living room” lights, to betransitioned to an “off” state. As another example, in response toreceiving a separate spoken command of “Assistant, what is tomorrow'sweather”, an automated assistant can issue one or more queries and/orinteract with a third-party agent to resolve a prediction for“tomorrow's weather” for a location of the user issuing the spokencommand, and provide graphical and/or audible output that relaystomorrow's predicted weather.

However, a user that utilizes an automated assistant may not be aware ofmany of the actions that are performable by an automated assistantand/or may not be aware of the canonical commands that can be providedby the user to cause the actions to be performed by the automatedassistant. As a result, many users may employ only a limited amount ofthe functionality of an automated assistant. Although a generalrecommendation for a canonical command and an associated action can beprovided to a user that is interacting with an automated assistant(e.g., “Try saying X to get a weather report for tomorrow”), oftentimessuch a general recommendation is blindly provided to the user. As aresult, significant network and/or computational resources can be wastedin providing users with recommendations that are irrelevant. Moreover,oftentimes such a general recommendation is for only a single action. Toperform multiple actions, multiple disparate canonical commands must beprovided by a user through a plurality of dialog turns with an automatedassistant, thereby consuming significant network and/or computationalresources in the performance of multiple actions.

SUMMARY

This specification is directed methods, apparatus, and computer-readablemedia (transitory and non-transitory) for generating and/or recommendingcommand bundles for a user of an automated assistant application. Acommand bundle comprises a plurality of discrete actions that can beperformed by an automated assistant application. For example, a “goodnight” bundle can cause the automated assistant application to perform:a first action of transmitting a command to turn off one or morenetworked lights; a second action of transmitting a command to set analarm, of a computing device of a user, to sound at 8:00 AM; a thirdaction of transmitting a command that requests “tomorrow's” localweather, and audibly presenting responsive content; etc.

As appreciated from the preceding example, one or more of the actions ofa command bundle can cause transmission of a corresponding commandand/or other data to one or more devices and/or agents that are distinctfrom devices and/or agents to which data is transmitted based on otheraction(s) of the bundle. For instance, in the preceding example, for thefirst action a command can be transmitted to networked light(s) (and/ora hardware bridge in communication with the networked light(s)), whereasin the third action a separate command can be transmitted to a remotecomputing device that hosts a “weather” agent. Command bundles can beactivated in response to various cues, such as speaking of one of one ormore invocation phrases for the command bundle (e.g., “good night” forthe “good night” bundle), actuating a graphical user interface elementfor the command bundle (e.g., a “shortcut” icon for the command bundle),and/or the occurrence of one or more contextual conditions (e.g., forthe “good night” bundle, the occurrence of it being 10:00 PM).

Command bundles can be generated from scratch and/or based on historicaldata collected during interactions between one or more users and anautomated assistant(s). For example, a command bundle can be generatedfrom scratch by a programmer specifying actions for the command bundleand, for each of one or more of the actions, optionally specifying oneor more fixed slot values for one or more slots of the action. Asanother example, a command bundle can be generated automatically bycollecting command phrases that are issued, by each of a plurality ofcorresponding users, within a short time frame of one another—andgenerating a corresponding command bundle that, when activated, causesactions associated with the collected command phrases to be performed.For instance, a command bundle with first, second, and third actions canbe automatically generated based on at least a threshold quantity ofusers each causing the first, second, and third actions to be performedwithin one minute of one another through interaction with theirautomated assistants.

Implementations disclosed herein relate to determining command bundlesthat are likely relevant to a given user, and presenting those commandbundles as suggestions/recommendations to the given user. In some ofthose implementations, a machine learning model can be trained thatreceives, as input, indications of one or more automated assistant“actions” (and optionally slot value(s) and/or other parameter(s) forthe action(s)) and provides, as output, an embedding that provides, in amulti-dimensional space, a semantic representation of those “actions”(and optionally slot value(s) and/or other parameter(s)).

Actions performed by the given user via an automated assistantapplication (and optionally slot value(s) and/or other parameter(s) forthe action(s)) can be processed using the machine learning model togenerate a “user action embedding”. Further, for each of the commandbundles, actions of the command bundle (and optionally slot value(s)and/or other parameter(s) for the action(s)) can be processed using themachine learning model (or another machine learning model) to generate a“command bundle embedding”. Command bundle(s) having “command bundleembeddings” that are most similar to the “user action embedding” canthen be provided to the given user as recommendation(s). For example, ifthe given user only uses the automated assistant application for “music”and “lighting control” actions, the “user action embedding” canrepresent those actions. Command bundles having corresponding “music”and “lighting control” actions will have command bundle embeddings thatare more similar to the “user action embedding” than, for example,command bundles that lack and music or lighting control actions. Inthese and other manners, command bundles that are graphically and/oraudibly recommended to the given user can first be determined to likelybe relevant to the given user, through comparison of features of thecommand bundles to features of past interactions of the given user withthe automated assistant application.

Further, in some implementations, required peripheral devices and/orother parameter(s) of one or more action(s) of a command bundle may beconsidered in determining whether to recommend the command bundle to auser. For example, some command bundles can be filtered out (e.g.,before the similarity determinations) based on determining the givenuser lacks required peripheral device(s) for the command bundle. Forinstance, a given command bundle that requires a networked light forperformance of an action can be filtered out from consideration as arecommendation to a given user, based on determining that no networkedlights have been associated with the given user for the automatedassistant application. Also, for example, indications of peripheraldevices of the user and/or peripheral devices of the command bundles canadditionally be applied as input in generating the user embedding and/orthe command bundle embeddings as described above and elsewhere herein.

In some implementations, at least one action of a command bundlerecommended to a given user can include at least one slot that lacks afixed value (i.e., a slot with an explicit “undefined” or “variable”value, or a slot that lacks definition of any value for the slot). Insome of those implementations, when the command bundle is selected bythe given user, or subsequently initially invoked by the given user, theautomated assistant application can prompt the given user to enableresolution of a value for the slot that lacks a fixed value. In someversion of those implementations, the resolved value for the slot can bestored in association with the given user and thereafter automaticallyutilized in response to further invocations of the command bundle. Forexample, a command bundle can include an action of transmitting acommand to set an alarm of a computing device of a user. However, an“alarm time” slot of the alarm action may not be fixed. In some of thoseimplementations, the automated assistant application can provide, forpresentation to the user, a prompt of “What time would you like thealarm set for”, and responsive user interface input of “8:00 AM”received in response to the prompt. The automated assistant applicationcan store “8:00 AM” as the resolved value for the “alarm time” slot forthe command bundle for the user, optionally after confirming that theuser would like it set as a default. Thereafter, the automated assistantapplication can automatically utilize “8:00 AM” as the slot value forthe “alarm time” slot when that command bundle is invoked by the givenuser.

Particular implementations of the subject matter described in thisspecification can be implemented so as to realize one or more of thefollowing advantages. Command bundle recommendation methods, and/ormodel(s) utilized in command bundle recommendations, can provide forimproved data efficiency compared to other methods. For example, suchrecommendation methods and/or models can increase the likelihood that acommand bundle recommendation provided to a given user is relevant tothe given user and resultantly increase the likelihood that the givenuser will subsequently utilize the command bundle. This can mitigate theconsumption of network resources and/or computational resources inprovision of irrelevant command bundles.

Moreover, as described herein, in many implementations a recommendedcommand bundle can, when subsequently invoked, cause a plurality ofdiscrete actions to be performed. Such subsequent invocation can beachieved with subsequent user interface input that consumes less networkand/or computational resources than if each of the plurality of thediscrete actions was invoked individually. For example, the “good night”bundle described above can be invoked through a spoken command providedto the automated assistant, such as “Assistant, good night”. Invocationof the “good night” bundle can cause the automated assistant applicationto perform: a first action of transmitting a command to turn off one ormore networked lights; a second action of transmitting a command to setan alarm, of a computing device of a user, to sound at 8:00 AM; and athird action of transmitting a command that requests “tomorrow's” localweather, and audibly presenting responsive content. In absence of thecommand bundle, a user would need to issue at least three separatecommands, which, to process, would require a greater consumption ofnetwork and/or computational resources than the single invocationcommand of the command bundle. For example, absent the command bundle,the user may have to issue three separate commands of: “Assistant, turnoff the lights”; “Assistant, set the alarm on my mobile phone to 8:00AM”; and “Assistant, what is tomorrow's weather”.

Additionally, and as also described herein, in many implementations arecommended command bundle can include at least one slot that lacks afixed value, and a value for that slot can be resolved for a given userthrough interaction (e.g., automated assistant-to-user dialog) with thegiven user. Thereafter, when the given user causes the command bundle tobe invoked, the resolved value can be utilized, optionally withoutprompting the user for any confirmation. In these and other manners,subsequent invocation of the command bundle by the user can be made moreefficient through obviating of one or more prompts that would otherwiseneed to be provided to resolve a value for the slot.

The summary above is provided as an overview of some features of variousimplementations disclosed herein. Additional description is providedbelow of those implementations, and of various additional features andvarious additional implementations.

In some implementations, a method performed by one or more processors isprovided and includes identifying assistant interaction data for a user,and processing at least part of the assistant interaction data using atrained machine learning model to generate a user action embedding. Theassistant interaction data indicates a plurality of historical actionsperformed for the user by an automated assistant application. Each ofthe historical actions is performed in response to corresponding userinterface input provided by the user via one or more automated assistantinterfaces that interact with the automated assistant application. Themethod further includes identifying a plurality of command bundles thateach include command bundle data that identifies a plurality ofcorresponding discrete actions that can be performed by the automatedassistant application. The method further includes, for each of thecommand bundles: processing at least part of the command bundle datausing the trained machine learning model, or an additional trainedmachine learning model, to generate a command bundle embedding, andgenerating a similarity score for the command bundle. Generating thesimilarity score for each of the command bundles includes comparing theuser action embedding to the command bundle embedding for the commandbundle. The method further includes selecting a given command bundle, ofthe plurality of command bundles, based on the similarity score for thegiven command bundle. The method further includes, in response toselecting the given command bundle, causing information related to thegiven command bundle to be presented to the user via a computing deviceof the user. Invocation of the given command bundle, for the user inresponse to user interface input, causes the automated assistantapplication to perform the corresponding discrete actions of the givencommand bundle.

These and other implementations of technology disclosed herein mayoptionally include one or more of the following features.

In some implementations, the information related to the given commandbundle that is presented to the user includes an invocation phrase forthe given command bundle. In some of those implementations, the methodfurther includes: receiving, subsequent to causing the informationrelated to the given command bundle to be presented, natural languageuser interface input provided by the user via one of the assistantinterfaces; determining the natural language user interface inputconforms to the invocation phrase; and in response to determining thenatural language user interface input conforms to the invocation phrase:performing, by the automated assistant application, the correspondingdiscrete actions of the given command bundle.

In some implementations, the corresponding discrete actions of the givencommand bundle include a first discrete action and a second discreteaction. In some of those implementations, the first discrete actioncauses the automated assistant application to transmit a first commandto a first electronic device and the second discrete action causes theautomated assistant application to transmit a second command to a secondelectronic device. In some of those implementations, the first discreteaction causes the automated assistant application to transmit a firstcommand to a first agent and the second discrete action causes theautomated assistant application to transmit a second command to a secondagent.

In some implementations, the method further includes ranking the commandbundles based on the similarity scores. In some of thoseimplementations, selecting the given command bundle is based on theranking of the given command bundle relative to the other of the commandbundles. In some version of those implementations, causing theinformation related to the given command bundle to be presented to theuser via a computing device of the user includes causing the informationto be presented with a display prominence that is based on the rankingof the given command bundle.

In some implementations, identifying the plurality of command bundlesincludes: selecting, from a corpus of available command bundles, theplurality of command bundles based on conformance between the selectedplurality of command bundles and user specific data of the user. In someof those implementations, selecting the plurality of command bundlesbased on conformance between the selected plurality of command bundlesand user specific data of the user includes excluding a given availablecommand bundle, of the available command bundles, from the selectedplurality of command bundles based on: identifying a required peripheraldevice for the given available command bundle; and determining, based onthe user specific data, that the automated assistant application lacksaccess, for the user, to the required peripheral device.

In some implementations, the processing of the at least part of thecommand bundle data is performed using the trained machine learningmodel.

In some implementations, generating the similarity score for each of thecommand bundles is based on a Euclidean distance between the user actionembedding and the command bundle embedding for the command bundle.

In some implementations, the given command bundle includes at least oneslot, with an undefined value, for at least one action of thecorresponding actions. In some of those implementations, the methodfurther includes: receiving a selection of the given command bundle inresponse to causing the information related to the given command bundleto be presented; in response to receiving the selection, engaging in adialog with the user, via the automated assistant application, toresolve a value for the slot; and storing the value in association withthe slot, for the given command bundle and for the user. In some versionof those implementations, the method further includes, subsequent tostoring the value in association with the slot, for the given commandbundle and for the user: receiving natural language user interface inputprovided by the user via one of the assistant interfaces; determiningthe natural language user interface input conforms to an invocationphrase for the command bundle; and in response to determining thenatural language user interface input conforms to the invocation phrase,and based on the value being stored: performing, by the automatedassistant application, the corresponding discrete actions of the givencommand bundle, including performing the at least one action using thevalue for the slot.

In some implementations, a method performed by one or more processors isprovided and includes identifying a corpus of command bundles andidentifying peripheral device data for a user. Each of the identifiedcommand bundles include command bundle data that identifies a pluralityof corresponding discrete actions that can be performed by an automatedassistant application. The identified peripheral device data indicatesperipheral devices of the user that are paired with an automatedassistant application. The method further includes selecting, from thecorpus of command bundles, a plurality of candidate command bundles forthe user. Selecting the plurality of candidate command bundles is basedon comparison of the peripheral device data to the command bundle dataof the command bundles. The method further includes ranking thecandidate command bundles based on the command bundle data and assistantinteraction data, and causing information related to one or more of thecandidate command bundles to be presented based on the ranking. Theinformation is presented to the user via a computing device of the user.

These and other implementations of technology disclosed herein mayoptionally include one or more of the following features.

In some implementations, the information related to a given commandbundle, of the one or more command bundles, includes an invocationphrase for the given command bundle. In some of those implementations,the method further includes: receiving, subsequent to causing theinformation related to the one or more command bundles to be presented,natural language user interface input provided by the user via anassistant interface associate with the automated assistant application;determining the natural language user interface input conforms to theinvocation phrase; and in response to determining the natural languageuser interface input conforms to the invocation phrase: performing, bythe automated assistant application, the corresponding discrete actionsof the given command bundle. In some version of those implementations,the corresponding discrete actions of the given command bundle include afirst discrete action that causes the automated assistant application totransmit a first command to a first electronic device, and a seconddiscrete action that causes the automated assistant application totransmit a second command to a second electronic device.

In some implementations, a method performed by one or more processors isprovided and includes identifying a corpus of command bundles andidentifying data for a user. Each of the command bundles of the corpusincludes command bundle data that identifies a plurality ofcorresponding discrete actions that can be performed by an automatedassistant application. The method further includes selecting, from thecorpus of command bundles, a plurality of candidate command bundles forthe user. Selecting the plurality of candidate command bundles is basedon comparison of the data of the user to the command bundle data of thecommand bundles. The method further includes identifying assistantinteraction data for the user that indicates a plurality of historicalactions performed for the user by an automated assistant application.The method further includes: processing at least part of the assistantinteraction data using a trained machine learning model to generate auser action embedding; and selecting, from the plurality of candidatecommand bundles, a given command bundle based on comparison of the useraction embedding to a command bundle embedding for the given commandbundle. The method further includes, in response to selecting the givencommand bundle, causing information related to the given command bundleto be presented to the user via a computing device of the user.Invocation of the given command bundle, for the user in response to userinterface input, causes the automated assistant application to performthe corresponding discrete actions of the given command bundle.

These and other implementations of technology disclosed herein mayoptionally include one or more of the following features.

In some implementations, the information related to the given commandbundle that is presented to the user includes an invocation phrase forthe given command bundle. In some of those implementations, the methodfurther includes: receiving, subsequent to causing the informationrelated to the given command bundle to be presented, natural languageuser interface input provided by the user via an assistant interface;determining the natural language user interface input conforms to theinvocation phrase; and in response to determining the natural languageuser interface input conforms to the invocation phrase: performing, bythe automated assistant application, the corresponding discrete actionsof the given command bundle.

In some implementations, the given command bundle includes at least oneslot, with an undefined value, for at least one action of thecorresponding actions. In some of those implementations, the methodfurther includes: receiving an invocation of the given command bundlesubsequent to causing the information related to the given commandbundle to be presented; in response to receiving the invocation,engaging in a dialog with the user, via the automated assistantapplication, to resolve a value for the slot; and storing the value inassociation with the slot, for the given command bundle and for theuser. In some versions of those implementations, the method furtherincludes, subsequent to storing the value in association with the slot,for the given command bundle and for the user: receiving naturallanguage user interface input provided by the user via an assistantinterface; determining the natural language user interface inputconforms to an invocation phrase for the command bundle; and in responseto determining the natural language user interface input conforms to theinvocation phrase, and based on the value being stored: performing, bythe automated assistant application, the corresponding discrete actionsof the given command bundle, including performing the at least oneaction using the value for the slot.

In addition, some implementations include one or more processors of oneor more computing devices, where the one or more processors are operableto execute instructions stored in associated memory, and where theinstructions are configured to cause performance one or more methodsdescribed herein. The processors may include one or more graphicsprocessing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), and/or tensorprocessing units (TPUs). Some implementations include one or morenon-transitory computer readable storage media storing computerinstructions executable by one or more processors to perform one or moremethods described herein.

It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing conceptsand additional concepts described in greater detail herein arecontemplated as being part of the subject matter disclosed herein. Forexample, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the endof this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the subject matterdisclosed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example environment in whichimplementations disclosed herein may be implemented.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an example of how various components of FIG.1 may interact in some implementations.

FIGS. 3A and 3B each illustrate an example of an actions model, and howassistant interaction data of a user can be processed using the actionsmodel to generate a user action embedding.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example computing device with a display screengraphically displaying recommendations for multiple command bundles.

FIG. 4B illustrates the example computing device of FIG. 4A, and anexample of dialog that may occur upon initial invocation of one of thecommand bundles of FIG. 4A, and an example of dialog that may occur uponsubsequent invocation of that command bundle.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example method according toimplementations disclosed herein.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example architecture of a computing device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment in which techniques disclosedherein may be implemented. The example environment includes a clientdevice 106, an automated assistant 110 (also referred to herein as anautomated assistant application), and a plurality of agents 140A-N. Theclient device 106 may be, for example, a standalone voice-activatedspeaker device, a desktop computing device, a laptop computing device, atablet computing device, a mobile phone computing device, a computingdevice of a vehicle of the user, and/or a wearable apparatus of the userthat includes a computing device (e.g., a watch of the user having acomputing device, glasses of the user having a computing device, avirtual or augmented reality computing device). Additional and/oralternative client devices may be provided.

Although automated assistant 110 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as separatefrom the client device 106, in some implementations all or aspects ofthe automated assistant 110 may be implemented by the client device 106.For example, in some implementations, input processing engine 112 may beimplemented by the client device 106. In implementations where one ormore (e.g., all) aspects of automated assistant 110 are implemented byone or more computing devices remote from the client device 106, theclient device 106 and those aspects of the automated assistant 110communicate via one or more networks, such as a wide area network (WAN)(e.g., the Internet).

Although only one client device 106 is illustrated in combination withthe automated assistant 110, in many implementations the automatedassistant 110 may be remote and may interface with each of a pluralityof client devices of the same user and/or with each of a plurality ofclient devices of multiple users. For example, the automated assistant110 may manage communications with each of the multiple devices viadifferent sessions and may manage multiple sessions in parallel. Forinstance, the automated assistant 110 in some implementations may beimplemented as a cloud-based service employing a cloud infrastructure,e.g., using a server farm or cluster of high performance computersrunning software suitable for handling high volumes of requests frommultiple users. However, for the sake of simplicity, many examplesherein are described with respect to a single client device 106.

The automated assistant 110 communicates with each of a plurality ofagents 140A-N via an API and/or via one or more communications channels(e.g., an internal communications channel and/or a network, such as aWAN). In some implementations, one or more of the agents 140A-N are eachmanaged by a respective party that is separate from a party that managesthe automated assistant 110. As used herein, an “agent” references oneor more computing devices and/or software that are utilized by theautomated assistant 110. In some situations, an agent can be separatefrom the automated assistant 110 and/or may communicate with theautomated assistant 110 over one or more communication channels. In someof those situations, the automated assistant 110 may transmit, from afirst network node, data (e.g., an agent command) to a second networknode that implements all or aspects of the functionality of the agent.In some situations, an agent may be a third-party (3P) agent, in that itis managed by a party that is separate from a party that manages theautomated assistant 110. In some other situations, an agent may be afirst-party (1P) agent, in that it is managed by the same party thatmanages the automated assistant 110.

An agent is configured to receive (e.g., over a network and/or via anAPI) an invocation request and/or other agent commands from theautomated assistant 110. In response to receiving an agent command, theagent generates responsive content based on the agent command, andtransmits the responsive content for the provision of user interfaceoutput that is based on the responsive content and/or to control one ormore peripheral devices. For example, the agent can transmit theresponsive content to control one or more peripheral devices such as oneor more IoT devices (e.g., smart lights, thermostats, appliances,cameras). As another example, the agent may transmit the responsivecontent to the automated assistant 110 for provision of output, by theautomated assistant 110, that is based on the responsive content. Asanother example, the agent can itself provide the output. For instance,the user can interact with the automated assistant 110 via an assistantinterface of the client device 106 (e.g., the automated assistant can beimplemented on the client device 106 and/or in network communicationwith the client device 106), and the agent can be an applicationinstalled on the client device 106 or an application executable remotefrom the client device 106, but “streamable” on the client device 106.When the application is invoked, it can be executed by the client device106 and/or brought to the forefront by the client device 106 (e.g., itscontent can take over a display of the client device 106).

The automated assistant 110 includes an input processing engine 112, anoutput engine 116, and an invocation/interaction engine 118. Theautomated assistant 110 also includes a command bundle engine 120 and arecommendation engine 125. The recommendation engine 125 includes afiltering module 126, an embedding module 127, a scoring module 128, anda recommendation module 129. In some implementations, some of theengines (and/or modules) of automated assistant 110 may be omitted,combined, and/or implemented in a component that is separate fromautomated assistant 110. Moreover, automated assistant 110 may includeadditional engines (and/or modules) not illustrated herein for the sakeof simplicity.

The automated assistant 110 receives instances of user input from theclient device 106. Various types of user input can be provided by auser, via user interface input device(s), to the automated assistant110. In some instances the input may be a “user utterance” that isfree-form natural language input, such as textual input that is based onuser interface input generated by the user via one or more userinterface input devices (e.g., based on typed input provided via aphysical or virtual keyboard or based on spoken input provided via amicrophone). As used herein, free-form input is input that is formulatedby a user and that is not constrained to a group of options presentedfor selection by the user (e.g., not constrained to a group of optionspresented in a drop-down menu).

As one example, the automated assistant 110 may receive a user utterancein the form of a natural language data stream including a sequence oftokens. For instance, the automated assistant 110 can receive a naturallanguage data stream in response to typed user input or can receive anatural language voice input data stream in the form of a streamingaudio recording. The streaming audio recording may be generated by theclient device 106 in response to signals received from a microphone ofthe client device 106 that captures spoken input of a user of the clientdevice 106. In some implementations, user input may be generated by theclient device 106 and/or provided to the automated assistant 110 inresponse to an explicit invocation of the automated assistant 110 by auser of the client device 106. For example, the invocation may bedetection by the client device 106 of certain voice input of the user(e.g., an automated assistant 110 hot word/phrase such as “HeyAssistant”), user interaction with a hardware button and/or virtualbutton (e.g., a tap of a hardware button, a selection of a graphicalinterface element displayed by the client device 106), and/or otherparticular user interface input.

The automated assistant 110 provides an instance of output in responseto receiving an instance of user input from the client device 106. Theinstance of output may be, for example, a “system utterance” thatincludes natural language output. The system utterance can be providedas audio to be audibly presented by the client device 106 (e.g., outputvia a speaker of the client device 106) and/or as text and/or graphicalcontent to be graphically presented by the client device 106 (e.g.,rendered via a display of the client device 106), etc. As describedherein, some instances of the output can be system utterances determinedbased on a command bundle that is invoked by a user input. As alsodescribed herein, some instance of the output can be recommendations forone or more command bundles. The recommendations can optionally be“pushed” to the user (i.e., provided without receipt of user input thatexplicitly requests the recommendations), or can be provided to the userin response to user input, such as input that seeks to explore availablecommand bundles. Also, some instances of the output may be based onresponsive content generated by a selected one of the agents 140A-N(e.g., in response to agent command(s) transmitted in response toinvocation of a command bundle).

The input processing engine 112 of automated assistant 110 processesnatural language input (e.g., natural language input received fromclient device 106), and generates annotated output for use by one ormore other components of the automated assistant 110. For example, theinput processing engine 112 may process natural language free-form inputthat is generated by a user via one or more user interface input devicesof client device 106. The generated annotated output can include tokensthat are based on the natural language input and can optionally includeone or more annotations of the natural language input.

In some implementations, the input processing engine 112 includes avoice to text module 114 that receives an instance of voice input (e.g.,in the form of digital audio data), and converts the voice input intotext that includes one or more text words or phrases. The converted textcan then be utilized by the input processing engine 112 to generatetokens and/or other data. In some implementations, the voice to textmodule 114 is a streaming voice-to-text engine that uses one or morevoice-to-text algorithms to generate text based on voice input. Thevoice to text module 114 may rely on one or more stored voice to textmodels (also referred to as language models) that each may model arelationship between an audio signal and phonetic units in a language,along with word sequences in the language.

In some implementations, the input processing engine 112 is configuredto identify and annotate various types of grammatical information innatural language input. For example, the input processing engine 112 mayinclude a part of speech tagger configured to annotate terms with theirgrammatical roles. For example, the part of speech tagger may tag eachterm with its part of speech such as “noun,” “verb,” “adjective,”“pronoun,” etc. Also, for example, in some implementations the inputprocessing engine 112 may additionally and/or alternatively include adependency parser configured to determine syntactic relationshipsbetween terms in natural language input. For example, the dependencyparser may determine which terms modify other terms, subjects and verbsof sentences, and so forth (e.g., a parse tree)—and may make annotationsof such dependencies.

In some implementations, the input processing engine 112 mayadditionally and/or alternatively include an entity tagger configured toannotate entity references in one or more segments such as references topeople, organizations, locations, and so forth. The entity tagger mayannotate references to an entity at a high level of granularity (e.g.,to enable identification of all references to an entity class such aspeople) and/or a lower level of granularity (e.g., to enableidentification of all references to a particular entity such as aparticular person). The entity tagger may rely on content of the naturallanguage input to resolve a particular entity and/or may optionallycommunicate with a knowledge graph or other entity to resolve aparticular entity. In some implementations, entities resolved for tokensmay be utilized as slot values for corresponding slots in addition to,or in lieu of, tokens that are determined to correspond to those slots.

In some implementations, the input processing engine 112 mayadditionally and/or alternatively include a coreference resolverconfigured to group, or “cluster,” references to the same entity basedon one or more contextual cues. For example, the coreference resolvermay be utilized to resolve the term “it” in an instance of user input toa preceding mention of “Restaurant A” in an immediately precedinginstance of user input. In some of those implementations, the tokenssupplied by the input processing engine 112 may include a referent of apronoun in place of the pronoun itself. For example, “Restaurant A” canbe provided as a token instead of “it.”

In some implementations, one or more components of the input processingengine 112 may rely on annotations from one or more other components ofthe input processing engine 112. For example, in some implementationsthe named entity tagger may rely on annotations from the coreferenceresolver and/or dependency parser in annotating all mentions to aparticular entity. Also, for example, in some implementations thecoreference resolver may rely on annotations from the dependency parserin clustering references to the same entity. In some implementations, inprocessing a particular natural language input, one or more componentsof the input processing engine 112 may use related prior input and/orother related data outside of the particular natural language input todetermine one or more annotations.

The output engine 116 provides instances of output to the client device106. An instance of output can be, for example, recommendation(s) forcommand bundle(s) generated by recommendation engine 125, or based onresponsive content from one or more of the agents 140A-N in execution ofa command bundle by command bundle engine 120 (when the automatedassistant 110 acts as an intermediary for that agent). In someimplementations, the output engine 116 may include a text to speechengine that converts textual components of responsive content to anaudio format, and the output provided by the output engine 116 is in anaudio format (e.g., as streaming audio). In some implementations, theresponsive content may already be in an audio format. In someimplementations, the output engine 116 additionally or alternativelyprovides textual reply content as output (optionally for conversion bythe client device 106 to audio) and/or provides other graphical contentas output for graphical display by the client device 106.

The invocation/interaction engine 118 transmits agent command(s) to oneor more of the agent(s) 140A-N. For example, when a command bundle isinvoked that includes a plurality of actions for a plurality of theagents 140A-N, the invocation/interaction engine 118 can generate andtransmit agent commands to multiple of the agents 140A-N to causeperformance of those actions. An agent command can be a structuredcommand that includes slot value(s) in associated slots, and optionallyadditional data such as an indication of a domain (e.g., where the agentoperates over multiple domains), a user identifier, a sessionidentifier, etc. In some implementations or situations, the agentcommand is an invocation command that invokes the selected agent. Theselected agent can generate responsive content in response to the agentcommand. In some implementations, the responsive content is transmitted,by the selected agent to the automated assistant 110, and the outputengine 116 generates output based on the responsive content. Forexample, the output engine 116 can provide the responsive content,unaltered, as output—or can perform a text to speech conversion (orother conversion) of the responsive content, and provide the convertedcontent as output. In some implementations, the responsive content istransmitted, by the selected agent, directly to the client device 106.In other implementations, the selected agent may operate locally on theclient device 106 (e.g., be an application installed on the clientdevice 106), and can generate the responsive content for direct displayon the client device 106. In yet other implementations, the responsivecontent can be transmitted to one or more peripheral devices and causestates of one or more of the peripheral devices (e.g., IoT devices) tobe altered.

Each of the agents 140A-N may include its own content engine, and/orother engines. Moreover, in many implementations an agent may accessvarious stored models and/or other resources (e.g., its own grammarmodel(s) and/or content model(s)) in generating responsive content.

The command bundle engine 120 receives annotated input from inputprocessing engine 112, and/or input directly from client device 106, anddetermines whether received input invokes a command bundle of commandbundles database 152. A command bundle comprises a plurality of discreteactions that can be performed by an automated assistant application. Forexample, a “good night” bundle can cause the automated assistant 110 toperform: a first action of transmitting a command to turn off one ormore networked lights; a second action of transmitting a command to setan alarm, of a computing device of a user, to sound at 8:00 AM; and athird action of transmitting a command that requests “tomorrow's” localweather, and audibly presenting responsive content. For instance, theinvocation/interaction engine 118 can transmit three different agentcommands, to three different of the agents 140A-N, where each of theagent commands causes a corresponding one of the three actions to beperformed.

The command bundle engine 120 can determine that received input invokesa command bundle based on various cues. For example, a command bundlecan be associated with an invocation phrase, the command bundle engine120 can receive annotated input from the input processing engine 112,and the command bundle engine 120 can determine the annotated inputincludes the invocation phrase for the command bundle. Also, forexample, the command bundle engine 120 can determine that received inputdirectly indicates a command bundle. For instance, input can be receivedin response to a user selecting a graphical user interface element(e.g., a selectable “graphical shortcut”), at client device 106, andsuch input can be mapped directly to the command bundle. Also, forexample, the command bundle engine 120 can determine that received inputcorresponds to a command bundle, and that one or more contextualconditions for the command bundle are satisfied. For instance, thecommand bundle engine 120 can determine received input invokes a commandbundle only if the received input corresponds to the command bundle andone or more contextual conditions are also satisfied (e.g., a currenttime is within a certain time window, it is a certain day of the week, alocation of the client device 106 is within a certain geographic bound).In yet other implementations, the command bundle engine 120 candetermine a command bundle is invoked without reference to any inputfrom the client device 106. For example, certain command bundles may beinvoked in response to determining only that certain contextualconditions are satisfied.

In response to determining that received input invokes a command bundle,the command bundle engine 120 causes the automated assistant 110 toperform the actions of the command bundle. The command bundle engine 120can interact with the invocation/interaction engine 118 to cause agentcommand(s) to be provided to one or more of the agents 140A-N inperformance of the actions of the command bundle. In someimplementations, one or more of the actions of a command bundle can beperformed with values that are particularized to a user that invoked thecommand bundle. For example, value(s), for slot(s) of agent command(s)to be provided in performance of actions of the command bundle, can beparticularized to the user as described herein. The command bundleengine 120 can reference user data, of user data database 156, indetermining value(s) for slot(s), for a command bundle, that areparticularized to a given user.

The recommendation engine 125 determines, from command bundles database152, command bundles that are likely relevant to a given user, andpresents information related to those command bundles as recommendationsto the given user. In some implementations, the recommendation engine125 is part of the automated assistant 110 and/or presentsrecommendations via an assistant interface, of the client device 106,that is also utilized in other interactions with the automated assistant110. In some implementations, the recommendation engine 125 isalternatively a component that is separate from the automated assistant110 and/or presents recommendations via an interface that is disparatefrom the assistant interface of the client device 106.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, additional description is provided of therecommendation engine 125, and its modules 126-129. In FIG. 2A, thefiltering module 126 selects, from command bundles database 152, aplurality of filtered command bundles 172 to provide to the embeddingmodule 127. The filtered command bundles 172 are a subset of the corpusof command bundles contained in database 152.

The filtering module 126 can utilize various criteria in selecting thecommand bundles of the filtered command bundles 172. For example, inselecting the command bundles of the filtered command bundles 172, userdevice(s) 171 that are associated with a given user being considered inFIG. 2A can be compared to data stored in association with the commandbundles in command bundles database 152. For instance, the userdevice(s) 171 can indicate peripheral devices (e.g., IoT devices) thatare associated with the given user, and command bundles that requireperipheral devices that are non-associated with the given user can beexcluded from the filtered command bundles 172. As one specific example,the user device(s) 171 can indicate that the user being considered lacksany stored association with a smart thermostat and, as a result, thefiltering module 126 can exclude, from the filtered command bundles 172,any command bundles that require a smart thermostat. Command bundlesthat require a smart thermostat can be explicitly indicated, in commandbundles database 152, as requiring a smart thermostat (e.g., in a“required peripheral device(s)” field), or can be inferred based onaction(s) of those command bundles (e.g., based on the command bundleseach having an action that causes an agent command to be sent to a“thermostat” agent).

As used herein, a peripheral device is required for a command bundle ifone or more actions of the command bundle result in the state of theperipheral device being altered. In some implementations, a user can beassociated with a peripheral device if the peripheral device has been“discovered” by the automated assistant 110 and can be controlled by theautomated assistant 110. In some implementations, a user can beassociated with a peripheral device if user input and/or one or morenetwork packets indicate presence of the peripheral device, even if theperipheral device has not yet been explicitly “discovered” by theautomated assistant 110.

In some implementations, the filtering module 126 may utilize one ormore additional and/or alternative criteria in selecting command bundlesfor inclusion in filtered command bundles 172 and/or in excludingcommand bundles from filtered command bundles 172. For example, one ormore command bundles can be excluded if their rating (by multiple users)fails to satisfy a threshold and/or if a quantity and/or frequency ofuses of the command bundles (across a population of users) fails tosatisfy a threshold.

The filtered command bundles 172 are provided to the embedding module127. The embedding module 127 determines command bundles embeddings 175for the filtered command bundles 172. That is, for each of the filteredcommand bundles 172, the embedding module 127 determines a correspondingcommand bundle embedding. The embedding module 127 can determine acommand bundle embedding using actions and/or other features of acommand bundle, and using actions model 154. For example, indications ofthe actions of the command bundle can be applied as input (as part ofthe input or as the entirety of the input) to the actions model 154, andprocessed over the actions model 154 to generate a command bundleembedding. The command bundle embedding can be a plurality of valuesthat can be mapped to a multi-dimensional space that provides a semanticrepresentation of the corresponding command bundle embedding. Forexample, the command bundle embedding can be a vector of 256 values. Insome implementations, the embedding module 127 can pre-generate thecommand bundles embeddings 175, and store the command bundles embeddings175 in command bundles database 152, in association with theircorresponding command bundles. For example, the embedding module 127 cangenerate a command bundle embedding for a command bundle in response tocreation of the command bundle, store it in association with the commandbundle in command bundles database 152, and thereafter determine thecommand bundle embedding for the command bundle by retrieving the storedcommand bundle embedding from the command bundles database 152.Additional description of implementations of generating command bundlesembeddings, and a user actions embedding, are described below withrespect to FIGS. 3A and 3B.

The embedding module 127 also generates a user actions embedding 174.The embedding module 127 generates the user actions embedding 174 basedon assistant interaction data 173 for the user that indicates aplurality of historical actions (and optionally other feature(s) of theactions) performed for the user by the automated assistant 110. Forexample, indications of the historical actions performed can be appliedas input (as part of the input or as the entirety of the input) to theactions model 154, and processed over the actions model 154 to generatethe user actions embedding 174. The user actions embedding 174 can be aplurality of values that can be mapped to a multi-dimensional space thatprovides a semantic representation of the historical actions and/orother historical features. For example, the user actions embedding 174can be a vector of 256 values. Additional description of implementationsof generating user actions embeddings, and command bundles embeddings,are described below with respect to FIGS. 3A and 3B.

The scoring module 128 utilizes the user actions embedding 174, and thecommand bundles embeddings 175, to generate scores for the filteredcommand bundles 172. For example, the score for one of the filteredcommand bundles 172 can be based on comparison of the user actionsembedding 174 to the command bundles embedding for that filtered commandbundle. For instance, the score can be based on a Euclidian distance, inthe multi-dimensional space, between the two embeddings (e.g., a cosinesimilarity measure). The score for a command bundle can optionally befurther based on additional metrics, such as a rating (by multipleusers) of the command bundle, quantity and/or frequency of uses of thecommand bundle (across a population of users), etc. For example, thescore for the command bundle can be based on a function of: a cosinesimilarity measure between the user action embedding and the commandbundle embedding of the command bundle; and a measure indicatinguser-assigned ratings of the command bundle, and/or a measure indicatinga popularity of the command bundle.

The scores for the command bundles 176 are provided to therecommendation module 129. The recommendation module 129 providesrecommendation(s) 177 to the client device 106 based on the scores forthe command bundles 176. Each of the recommendation(s) 177 can be for acorresponding command bundle and can be provided for audible and/orgraphical presentation to a user of the client device 106. For example,one of the recommendation(s) 177 can be for a given command bundle, andcan include an invocation phrase for the given command bundle, a summaryof the action(s) performed by the given command bundle, and/or otherinformation related to the given command bundle.

The recommendation module 129 can utilize various techniques inproviding recommendation(s) 177 based on the score(s) for the commandbundles 176. For example, the recommendation module 129 can provide arecommendation for a given command bundle only if the score for thatcommand bundle satisfies a threshold. Also, for example, therecommendation module 129 can provide multiple recommendations, each fora corresponding one of a plurality of command bundles, and can providethe multiple recommendations in a manner that is based on the scores forthe plurality of command bundles. For example, a recommendation for thebest scoring command bundle can be presented most prominently (e.g., atthe top), an additional recommendation for the next best scoring commandbundle can be presented next most prominently (e.g., second), etc. Asyet another example, recommendations for the X best scoring commandbundles can be provided for initial presentation at the client device106, and the next Y best scoring command bundles only provided inresponse to further user interface input indicating a desire to receiveadditional recommendations.

In some implementations, the recommendation module 129 provides therecommendations independent of a query that specifies one or more searchcriteria for recommendations. For example, the recommendation module 129can provide the recommendations for display in a “recommendations”interface at the client device 106 (and/or for audible presentation),without receiving any query that is based on natural language input ofthe user that indicates search criteria for recommendations (e.g.,independent of a query such as “show me recommendations that includelighting control”). In some other implementations, the recommendationmodule 129 provides the recommendations in response to a query thatspecifies one or more search criteria for recommendations. In some ofthose implementations, the query can be parsed to identify one or morecriteria for filtering the recommendations, and the criteria can beapplied by the filtering module 126 in generating the filtered commandbundles 172. For example, in response to a query of “show merecommendations that include lighting control”, the filtered commandbundles 172 can include only bundles that include a “lighting control”action, and the scoring module 128 can generate scores for thosefiltered command bundles 172 in determining filtered command bundles 172for which to provide recommendations to the client device 106 and/or indetermining how to provide the recommendations (e.g., in determining anorder and/or other presentation prominences for the recommendations).

Referring now to FIG. 2B, an example is provided of implementations ofhow command bundle engine 120 responds in response to determining acommand bundle is invoked. In FIG. 2B, a command bundle invocation 180is received from client device 106. The command bundle invocation 180invokes a particular command bundle and can be, for example, selecting acorresponding one of the recommendations 177 (FIG. 2A) and/or providingnatural language input that includes an invocation phrase for thecorresponding one of the recommendations 177.

The command bundle engine 120 receives the command bundle invocation180, or annotated input (from input processing engine 112) thatcorresponds to the command bundle invocation 180. The command bundleengine 120 determines the command bundle that corresponds to the commandbundle invocation 180. For example, the command bundle engine 120 candetermine the command bundle with reference to command bundles database152.

In some implementations, at least one action of the command bundleincludes at least one slot that lacks a fixed value (i.e., a slot withan explicit “undefined” or “variable” value, or a slot that lacksdefinition of any value for the slot). In some of those implementations,e.g. when command bundle invocation 180 is an initial invocation of thecommand bundle by the user, the command bundle engine 120 providesprompt(s) for value(s) for slot(s) (i.e., the slot(s) that lack anyfixed value) 181. In response to the prompt(s) 181, a user of the clientdevice 106 can utilize one or more user interface input devices toprovide one or more responses 182. The command bundle engine 120 canutilize the response(s) to determined resolved value(s) for those slots187 (the slots that lack any fixed value). For example, the inputprocessing engine 112 can process the response(s) to generated annotatedinput, and the command bundle engine 120 can resolve the value(s) basedon such annotated input. The command bundle engine 120 can store theresolved value(s) for the slot(s) 187 in user data 156 (or otherdatabase). This enables the command bundle engine 120 to, in response toa future instance of the command bundle invocation 180 by the user (viaclient device 106 or another client device of the user), cause theactions of the command bundle to performed with the resolved value(s)187—without again prompting the user for the values and/or withoutrequiring any subsequent user confirmation of the values.

The command bundle engine 120 can also cause agent command 183 to betransmitted to agent 140A and agent command 185 to be transmitted toagent 140B. For example, the command bundle engine 120 can cause theinvocation/interaction engine 118 (FIG. 1) to transmit the commands tothe agents 140A and 140B. The agent command 183 and/or the agent command185 can each optionally include one or more corresponding of theresolved value(s) for slot(s)—as determined utilizing the response(s)182. Agent 140A generates responsive content 184 in response to theagent command 183. The responsive content 184 can cause the state of oneor more peripheral devices to be altered (e.g., a light to turn on/off,adjust a brightness level, adjust an output color)—and/or can beprovided to output engine 116, which can cause corresponding content tobe audibly and/or graphically provided at the client device 106. Agent140B generates responsive content 186 in response to the agent command185. The responsive content 186 can cause the state of one or moreperipheral devices to be altered—and/or can be provided to output engine116, which can cause corresponding content to be audibly and/orgraphically provided at the client device 106.

Turning now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, examples 154A and 154B ofimplementations of the actions model 154 (FIG. 1) are illustrated, alongwith examples of how assistant interaction data 173A and 173B of a usercan be processed using the actions models 154A and 154B to generate useractions embeddings 174A and 174B. Description is also provided of howthe actions models 154A and 154B can be utilized to generate commandbundles embeddings for command bundles.

In FIG. 3A, assistant interaction data 173A is illustrated, and includesa plurality of action indications 173A_(1-N). The plurality of actionindications 173A_(1-N) can indicate the N most recent actions performedfor a given user by an automated assistant, in response to userinterface input instances provided by the user via automated assistantinterface(s) that interact with the automated assistant. The actionindications 173A_(1-N) of FIG. 3A are illustrated with relatively coarsegranularity. However, more fine-grained action indications can beprovided. For example, instead of “play music” as indicated by actionindications 173A₁, action indications 173A₁ could additionally indicatethe genre of music played (e.g., reggae or classic rock) and/or theagent interacted with in performing the “play music” action (e.g., MusicAgent 1 or Music Agent 2). Text that describes the action indications173A_(1-N) is illustrated in FIG. 3A for the sake of clarity, and thetext can be applied as the input in some implementations. However, it isunderstood that other values may be utilized. As one non-limitingexample, a “play music” action can instead be indicated by the binaryvalue “0010”, a “control lights” action can instead be indicated by thebinary value “0011”, etc.

In FIG. 3A, each of the plurality of action indications 173A_(1-N) isapplied to a corresponding one of N inputs 1541A_(1-N) of the actionsmodel 154A, and can optionally be applied in any order. In some otherimplementations, the N inputs 1541A_(1-N) are applied in an order thatis based on recency. For example, action indication 173A₁ can correspondto the most recent action, action indication 173A₂ can correspond to thesecond most recent action, etc. Also, in FIG. 3A each of the pluralityof action indications 173A_(1-N) is weighted equally. However, in otherimplementations more recent action indications can be weighted moreheavily than less recent action indications.

One or more processors can process the input action indications173A_(1-N) over the encoding layer(s) 1542A to generate user actionsembedding 174A. The encoding layer(s) 1542A can include one or moreneural network layers, such as feed forward neural network layers. Insome implementations, the encoding layer(s) 1542A are the encodinglayers from an encoder-decoder network that is trained, utilizing alarge quantity of training examples, to regenerate applied actionindications. For example, each of the training examples can include:training example input that includes corresponding action indications,and training example output that includes the corresponding actionindications. During training, the training example input of a trainingexample can be applied to the encoding layers 1542A, and the hiddenstate of the encoding layers 1542A applied to decoding layers togenerate predicted output that has the same dimension as the trainingexample input. An error can then be determined based on comparing thepredicted output to the training example output (which is the same asthe training example input), and the error backpropagated over thedecoding layers and the encoding layers 1542A to update weights of thedecoding layers and the encoding layers 1542A. In this manner, theencoding layers 1542A are trained to generate a condensed representationof action indications applied as input, to thereby enable the decodinglayers to generate a prediction that reproduces the action indications.After training of the encoder-decoder network, the “encoder portion” canbe utilized as the encoding layers 1542A, and the output of the encodinglayers 1542A can then be utilized in generating user actions embeddingsand command bundle embeddings.

Although not illustrated in FIG. 3A, a command bundle embedding can begenerated using the actions model 154A by applying, as input to theactions model 154A, action indications of the actions of the commandbundle—optionally utilizing “padding” value(s) for any of the N actionindications that are not present in the command bundle. For example, ifN is 50 and the command bundle includes only 5 actions, “padding”value(s) can be utilized for 45 of the action indications. One or moreprocessors can process the input action indications of the commandbundle over the encoding layer(s) 1542A to generate a command bundleembedding for the command bundle.

In FIG. 3B, each of the plurality of action indications 173B_(1-N)indicates a corresponding action, and a weight for the correspondingaction. For example, action indication 173B₁ indicates a “set alarm”action and a weight of “0.2”. The weight for each action indication canbe based on a recency of performance of the action for the user, aquantity of occurrences of performance of the action for the user,and/or a frequency of performance of the action for the user. Forexample, the weight of 0.3 for the “control lights” action of actionindication 173B₃ can be based on that action being performed morerecently, a greater quantity of times, and/or with a greater frequencythan the other actions explicitly indicated in FIG. 3B (which all havelesser weights).

In FIG. 3B, each of the N inputs 1541B_(1-N) of the actions model 154Bcorresponds to a unique action indication. That is, input 1541B₁corresponds to a “set alarm” action, input 1541B₂ corresponds to an“adjust thermostat” action, etc. In FIG. 3B, the weights for each of theaction indications 173B_(1-N) can be applied to their correspondinginputs 1541B_(1-N), and processed over the encoding layers 1542B togenerate user actions embedding 174B. A “0” weight or other null weightcan be utilized for any inputs 1541B_(1-N) for which no correspondingactions have been performed for the user and/or for which the weight isotherwise “null”. In some implementations, the encoding layer(s) 1542Bare the encoding layers from an encoder-decoder network that is trained,utilizing a large quantity of training examples, to regenerate appliedweights for action indications.

Although not illustrated in FIG. 3B, a command bundle embedding can begenerated using the actions model 154B by applying, as input to theactions model 154B, “1” or other value(s) for inputs 1541B_(1-N)corresponding to actions of the command bundle—and applying “0” or othernull weight for the other inputs 1541B_(1-N). For example, for a commandbundle that includes only “adjust thermostat” and “control lights”actions, a “1” can be applied to each of inputs 1541B₂ and 1541B₃, and a“0” applied to all other inputs.

Turning now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, an example 106A of the client device 106(FIG. 1) is illustrated. The client device 106A includes a displayscreen 140 which, in FIG. 4A is graphically displaying a firstrecommendation 177A for a first command bundle, a second recommendation177B for a second command bundle, and optionally one or more additionalrecommendations (indicated by the ellipsis of FIG. 4A). In FIG. 4B thedisplay screen 140 is displaying an example of dialog that may occurupon initial invocation of the command bundle of the recommendation 177Aof FIG. 4A, and an example of dialog that may occur upon subsequentinvocation of that command bundle.

The display screen 140 of FIGS. 4A and 4B further includes a textualreply interface element 188 that the user may select to generate userinterface input via a virtual keyboard and a voice reply interfaceelement 189 that the user may select to generate user interface inputvia a microphone. In some implementations, the user may generate userinterface input via the microphone without selection of the voice replyinterface element 189. For example, during the dialog, active monitoringfor audible user interface input via the microphone may occur to obviatethe need for the user to select the voice reply interface element 189.In some of those and/or in other implementations, the voice replyinterface element 189 may be omitted. Moreover, in some implementations,the textual reply interface element 188 may additionally and/oralternatively be omitted (e.g., the user may only provide audible userinterface input). The display screen 140 of FIGS. 4A and 4B alsoincludes system interface elements 190A, 190B, 190C that may beinteracted with by the user to cause the client device 106A to performone or more actions. In other implementations, an “audio interface only”computing device may be provided that accepts only spoken input andprovides only audible output (i.e., a computing device that lacks adisplay screen).

In FIG. 4A, the first recommendation 177A displays the invocation phrase(“good night”) for the first command bundle, along with an indication ofthe actions that are performed by the first command bundle. Similarly,the second recommendation 177B displays the invocation phrase (“goodmorning”) for the second command bundle, along with an indication of theaction that are performed by the second command bundle. Therecommendations 177A and 177B can be selected for presentation based onscoring of their corresponding command bundles as described herein.Moreover, in some implementations recommendation 177A may be presentedabove recommendation 177B based on scoring of their correspondingcommand bundles. For example, the recommendations can be ranked based onthe scores of their corresponding command bundles, and recommendation177A presented initially based on it corresponding to the best scoringcommand bundle.

In FIG. 4B, the command bundle, associated with the first recommendation177A (FIG. 4A), has been initially invoked in response to user interfaceinput. For example, the command bundle can be initially invoked based onselection by the user of the recommendation 177A (e.g., a “tap” of therecommendation 177A)—or based on the user speaking (or typing) theinvocation phrase “good night”. It is noted that in some implementationsa user can cause his/her own preferred invocation phrase to be assignedto the command bundle. Such an invocation phrase can be utilized in lieuof the “good night” invocation phrase or as an additional invocationphrase. For example, an extra interface element can be provided andselected by the use to change the invocation phrase, for the user, to“nighty night”—or the user can change the invocation phrase throughspoken command(s) provided to the automated assistant via an assistantinterface (e.g., “when I say ‘nighty night’, run the ‘good night’bundle).

In FIG. 4B, the command bundle, associated with the first recommendation177A, lacks a fixed value for a “light(s) identifier” slot of the “turnoff lights” action. Based on this, a prompt 482A is provided, by theautomated assistant to the user, which solicits the user to provideinput to enable resolution of a value for the “lights identifier” slot.In response, the user provides input 480A of “all”, which can beresolved to a value that identifiers all lights of the user that areassociated with the automated assistant.

In FIG. 4B, the command bundle, associated with the first recommendation177A, also lacks a fixed value for an “alarm time” slot of the “setalarm” action. Based on this, a prompt 482B is provided, by theautomated assistant to the user, which solicits the user to provideinput to enable resolution of a value for the “alarm time” slot. Inresponse, the user provides input 480B of “8:00 AM”, which can beresolved to the corresponding time value.

The automated assistant then provides output 482C, which indicatesvalues have been resolved, and also instructs the user of further userinterface input that can be provided to alter the resolved values and/orto alter the invocation phrase for the command bundle. In someimplementations, the automated assistant can further prompt the user toensure the user wants to store the resolved values as “defaults” for thecommand bundle, for the user—and can optionally require affirmative userinterface input in response prior to doing so. Further, in some of thoseimplementations, the automated assistant can additionally oralternatively provide output that enables the user to instead choose tobe prompted, upon each invocation of the command bundle, for thevalue(s) the user wishes to use for that instance for the “light(s)identifier” slot and/or the “alarm time” slot.

FIG. 4B also illustrates the user providing, at a later time, subsequentinput 480C of “good night”. The automated assistant can determine theinput 480C is the invocation phrase for the command bundle and, inresponse, can cause the actions of the command bundle to be performed,with the resolved values determined through prompts 482A, 482B andinputs 480A and 480B. The automated assistant then provides furtheroutput 482D indicating that the “turn off the lights” and “set alarm”actions have been performed with the resolved values, and providesoutput of “Tomorrow looks sunny with a high of 82 degrees” that isreceived from an agent in response to the “get tomorrow's forecast”action (for which a fixed “local weather” value can be utilized). Inother implementations, the further output 482D may optionally lackconfirmation that the resolved values were utilized for the “turn offthe lights” and “set alarm” actions. For example, output of “Lights areoff and alarm set. Tomorrow looks sunny with a high of 82 degrees” caninstead be provided.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 500 according toimplementations disclosed herein. For convenience, the operations of theflow chart of FIG. 5 are described with reference to a system thatperforms the operations. This system may include various components ofvarious computer systems, such as one or more components of automatedassistant 110. Moreover, while operations of method 500 are shown in aparticular order, this is not meant to be limiting. One or moreoperations may be reordered, omitted or added.

At block 550, the system identifies a corpus of command bundles.

At block 552, the system identifies, based on one or more criteria, asubset of the command bundles. The criteria can include, for example,excluding command bundles from the subset if those command bundlesinclude actions that require any peripheral device that has not yet beenpaired, for the user, with the automated assistant application. Aperipheral device is paired, for the user, with the automated assistantapplication if the peripheral device has been “discovered” by theassistant application and can be controlled by the assistantapplication. In some implementations, the criteria can alternativelyinclude, for example, excluding command bundles from the subset if thosecommand bundles include actions that require any peripheral device whosepresence has not yet been detected, for the user, via user input and/orone or more network packets. In such an example, a command bundle thatincludes an action that requires a given peripheral device can still beincluded, even though the peripheral device hasn't been explicitlypaired. For example, the given peripheral device can be detected basedon user input (e.g., that indicates the user has the peripheral device)and/or network packets (that have characteristics indicating generationby the peripheral device), even if the peripheral device has not yetbeen explicitly “discovered” by the automated assistant (e.g., inresponse to a “discovery request” initiated in response to explicit userinterface input). Additional and/or alternative criteria can beconsidered, such as one or more described elsewhere herein. In someimplementations, block 552 can be omitted, and all command bundles ofthe corpus considered in subsequent blocks.

At block 554, the system identifies assistant interaction data for auser being considered in the iteration of method 500.

At block 556, the system generates a user action embedding for the userbased on the assistant interaction data identified at block 554.

At block 558, the system determines command bundle embeddings forcommand bundles of the subset of block 552. For example, the system mayhave pre-generated the command bundle embeddings, stored thepre-generated command bundle embeddings in association with theircorresponding command bundles, and retrieve those pre-generated commandbundle embeddings from storage.

At block 560, the system generates, for each of the command bundles ofthe subset, a similarity score based on the user action embedding andthe command bundle embedding. For example, for a given command bundle,the similarity score can be based as at least in part on a cosinesimilarity measure between the user action embedding and the commandbundle embedding for the given command bundle.

At block 562, the system presents one or more recommendations for one ormore of the command bundles based on one or more of the similarityscores of block 560. For example, the system can rank the commandbundles based at least in part on the similarity scores, select one ormore of the command bundles based on the ranking, and presentinformation related to the selected command bundle(s) asrecommendation(s).

At block 564, the system optionally tailors, to the user, unresolvedslot(s) (if any) for action(s) of one of the command bundles of one ofthe recommendation(s). In some implementations, the system presents oneor more prompts and utilizes one or more responses to the prompt(s) toresolve value(s) for the slot(s) and thereby tailor the unresolvedslot(s). In some of those implementations, the prompt(s) are presentedin response to a selection of one of the recommendations, receipt of aninvocation phrase for the command bundle of one of the recommendations,and/or other user interface input that indicates a desire to causeperformance of the action(s) of the command bundle and/or associate thecommand bundle with the user.

At block 566, the system performs action(s) of the command bundle of oneof the recommendations in response to invocation of the command bundle.The action(s) can optionally be performed using one or more of thetailored values of block 564. In some implementations, performing theactions comprises transmitting one or more agent commands to one or moreagents, and optionally including, in one or more of the agent commands,one or more of the tailored values for slot(s) of the agent command.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example computing device 610 that mayoptionally be utilized to perform one or more aspects of techniquesdescribed herein. In some implementations, one or more of client device106, automated assistant 110, an agent, and/or other component(s) maycomprise one or more components of the example computing device 610.

Computing device 610 typically includes at least one processor 614 whichcommunicates with a number of peripheral devices via bus subsystem 612.These peripheral devices may include a storage subsystem 624, including,for example, a memory subsystem 625 and a file storage subsystem 626,user interface output devices 620, user interface input devices 622, anda network interface subsystem 616. The input and output devices allowuser interaction with computing device 610. Network interface subsystem616 provides an interface to outside networks and is coupled tocorresponding interface devices in other computing devices.

User interface input devices 622 may include a keyboard, pointingdevices such as a mouse, trackball, touchpad, or graphics tablet, ascanner, a touchscreen incorporated into the display, audio inputdevices such as voice recognition systems, microphones, and/or othertypes of input devices. In general, use of the term “input device” isintended to include all possible types of devices and ways to inputinformation into computing device 610 or onto a communication network.

User interface output devices 620 may include a display subsystem, aprinter, a fax machine, or non-visual displays such as audio outputdevices. The display subsystem may include a cathode ray tube (CRT), aflat-panel device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projectiondevice, or some other mechanism for creating a visible image. Thedisplay subsystem may also provide non-visual display such as via audiooutput devices. In general, use of the term “output device” is intendedto include all possible types of devices and ways to output informationfrom computing device 610 to the user or to another machine or computingdevice.

Storage subsystem 624 stores programming and data constructs thatprovide the functionality of some or all of the modules describedherein. For example, the storage subsystem 624 may include the logic toperform selected aspects of the method of FIG. 5 and/or other methodsdescribed herein.

These software modules are generally executed by processor 614 alone orin combination with other processors. Memory 625 used in the storagesubsystem 624 can include a number of memories including a main randomaccess memory (RAM) 630 for storage of instructions and data duringprogram execution and a read only memory (ROM) 632 in which fixedinstructions are stored. A file storage subsystem 626 can providepersistent storage for program and data files, and may include a harddisk drive, a floppy disk drive along with associated removable media, aCD-ROM drive, an optical drive, or removable media cartridges. Themodules implementing the functionality of certain implementations may bestored by file storage subsystem 626 in the storage subsystem 624, or inother machines accessible by the processor(s) 614.

Bus subsystem 612 provides a mechanism for letting the variouscomponents and subsystems of computing device 610 communicate with eachother as intended. Although bus subsystem 612 is shown schematically asa single bus, alternative implementations of the bus subsystem may usemultiple busses.

Computing device 610 can be of varying types including a workstation,server, computing cluster, blade server, server farm, or any other dataprocessing system or computing device. Due to the ever-changing natureof computers and networks, the description of computing device 610depicted in FIG. 6 is intended only as a specific example for purposesof illustrating some implementations. Many other configurations ofcomputing device 610 are possible having more or fewer components thanthe computing device depicted in FIG. 6.

1. A method implemented by one or more processors, the methodcomprising: identifying assistant interaction data for a user, theassistant interaction data indicating a plurality of historical actionsperformed for the user by an automated assistant application, each ofthe historical actions performed in response to corresponding userinterface input provided by the user via one or more automated assistantinterfaces that interact with the automated assistant application;processing at least part of the assistant interaction data using atrained machine learning model to generate a user action embedding;identifying a plurality of command bundles, each of the command bundlescomprising command bundle data that identifies a plurality ofcorresponding discrete actions that can be performed by the automatedassistant application; for each of the command bundles: processing atleast part of the command bundle data using the trained machine learningmodel, or an additional trained machine learning model, to generate acommand bundle embedding, and generating a similarity score for thecommand bundle, wherein generating the similarity score for each of thecommand bundles comprises comparing the user action embedding to thecommand bundle embedding for the command bundle; selecting a givencommand bundle, of the plurality of command bundles, based on thesimilarity score for the given command bundle; and in response toselecting the given command bundle: causing information related to thegiven command bundle to be presented as a recommendation to the user viaa computing device of the user; wherein invocation of the given commandbundle, for the user in response to user interface input, causes theautomated assistant application to perform the corresponding discreteactions of the given command bundle.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe information related to the given command bundle that is presented tothe user includes an invocation phrase for the given command bundle, andfurther comprising: receiving, subsequent to causing the informationrelated to the given command bundle to be presented, natural languageuser interface input provided by the user via one of the assistantinterfaces; determining the natural language user interface inputconforms to the invocation phrase; and in response to determining thenatural language user interface input conforms to the invocation phrase:performing, by the automated assistant application, the correspondingdiscrete actions of the given command bundle.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the corresponding discrete actions of the given command bundlecomprise: a first discrete action that causes the automated assistantapplication to transmit a first command to a first electronic device;and a second discrete action that causes the automated assistantapplication to transmit a second command to a second electronic device.4. The method of claim 1, wherein the corresponding discrete actions ofthe given command bundle comprise: a first discrete action that causesthe automated assistant application to transmit a first command to afirst agent; and a second discrete action that causes the automatedassistant application to transmit a second command to a second agent. 5.The method of claim 1, further comprising: ranking the command bundlesbased on the similarity scores; wherein selecting the given commandbundle is based on the ranking of the given command bundle relative tothe other of the command bundles.
 6. The method of claim 5, whereincausing the information related to the given command bundle to bepresented to the user via a computing device of the user comprisescausing the information to be presented with a display prominence thatis based on the ranking of the given command bundle.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein identifying the plurality of command bundles comprises:selecting, from a corpus of available command bundles, the plurality ofcommand bundles based on conformance between the selected plurality ofcommand bundles and user specific data of the user.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, wherein selecting the plurality of command bundles based onconformance between the selected plurality of command bundles and userspecific data of the user comprises: excluding a given available commandbundle, of the available command bundles, from the selected plurality ofcommand bundles based on: identifying a required peripheral device forthe given available command bundle; and determining, based on the userspecific data, that the automated assistant application lacks access,for the user, to the required peripheral device.
 9. The method of claim1, wherein the processing of the at least part of the command bundledata is performed using the trained machine learning model.
 10. Themethod of claim 1, wherein generating the similarity score for each ofthe command bundles is based on a Euclidean distance between the useraction embedding and the command bundle embedding for the commandbundle.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the given command bundlecomprises at least one slot, with an undefined value, for at least oneaction of the corresponding actions, and further comprising: receiving aselection of the given command bundle in response to causing theinformation related to the given command bundle to be presented; inresponse to receiving the selection, engaging in a dialog with the user,via the automated assistant application, to resolve a value for theslot; and storing the value in association with the slot, for the givencommand bundle and for the user.
 12. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising: subsequent to storing the value in association with theslot, for the given command bundle and for the user: receiving naturallanguage user interface input provided by the user via one of theassistant interfaces; determining the natural language user interfaceinput conforms to an invocation phrase for the command bundle; and inresponse to determining the natural language user interface inputconforms to the invocation phrase, and based on the value being stored:performing, by the automated assistant application, the correspondingdiscrete actions of the given command bundle, including performing theat least one action using the value for the slot.
 13. A methodimplemented by one or more processors, the method comprising:identifying a corpus of command bundles, each of the command bundlescomprising command bundle data that identifies a plurality ofcorresponding discrete actions that can be performed by an automatedassistant application; identifying peripheral device data for a user,the peripheral device data indicating peripheral devices of the userthat are paired with an automated assistant application; selecting, fromthe corpus of command bundles, a plurality of candidate command bundlesfor the user, wherein selecting the plurality of candidate commandbundles is based on comparison of the peripheral device data to thecommand bundle data of the command bundles; ranking the candidatecommand bundles based on the command bundle data and assistantinteraction data indicating a plurality of historical actions performedfor the user by the automated assistant application; and causinginformation related to one or more of the candidate command bundles tobe presented as a recommendation based on the ranking, wherein theinformation is presented to the user via a computing device of the user.14. The method of claim 13, wherein the information related to a givencommand bundle, of the one or more command bundles, includes aninvocation phrase for the given command bundle, and further comprising:receiving, subsequent to causing the information related to the one ormore command bundles to be presented, natural language user interfaceinput provided by the user via an assistant interface associate with theautomated assistant application; determining the natural language userinterface input conforms to the invocation phrase; and in response todetermining the natural language user interface input conforms to theinvocation phrase: performing, by the automated assistant application,the corresponding discrete actions of the given command bundle.
 15. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the corresponding discrete actions of thegiven command bundle comprise: a first discrete action that causes theautomated assistant application to transmit a first command to a firstelectronic device; and a second discrete action that causes theautomated assistant application to transmit a second command to a secondelectronic device.
 16. A method implemented by one or more processors,the method comprising: identifying a corpus of command bundles, each ofthe command bundles of the corpus comprising command bundle data thatidentifies a plurality of corresponding discrete actions that can beperformed by an automated assistant application; identifying data of auser; selecting, from the corpus of command bundles, a plurality ofcandidate command bundles for the user, wherein selecting the pluralityof candidate command bundles is based on comparison of the data of theuser to the command bundle data of the command bundles; identifyingassistant interaction data for the user, the assistant interaction dataindicating a plurality of historical actions performed for the user byan automated assistant application, each of the historical actionsperformed in response to corresponding user interface input provided bythe user via one or more automated assistant interfaces that interactwith the automated assistant application; processing at least part ofthe assistant interaction data using a trained machine learning model togenerate a user action embedding; selecting, from the plurality ofcandidate command bundles, a given command bundle based on comparison ofthe user action embedding to a command bundle embedding for the givencommand bundle; in response to selecting the given command bundle:causing information related to the given command bundle to be presentedas a recommendation to the user via a computing device of the user;wherein invocation of the given command bundle, for the user in responseto user interface input, causes the automated assistant application toperform the corresponding discrete actions of the given command bundle.17. The method of claim 16, wherein the information related to the givencommand bundle that is presented to the user includes an invocationphrase for the given command bundle, and further comprising: receiving,subsequent to causing the information related to the given commandbundle to be presented, natural language user interface input providedby the user via one of the assistant interfaces; determining the naturallanguage user interface input conforms to the invocation phrase; and inresponse to determining the natural language user interface inputconforms to the invocation phrase: performing, by the automatedassistant application, the corresponding discrete actions of the givencommand bundle.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the given commandbundle comprises at least one slot, with an undefined value, for atleast one action of the corresponding actions, and further comprising:receiving an invocation of the given command bundle subsequent tocausing the information related to the given command bundle to bepresented; in response to receiving the invocation, engaging in a dialogwith the user, via the automated assistant application, to resolve avalue for the slot; and storing the value in association with the slot,for the given command bundle and for the user.
 19. The method of claim16, further comprising: subsequent to storing the value in associationwith the slot, for the given command bundle and for the user: receivingnatural language user interface input provided by the user via one ofthe assistant interfaces; determining the natural language userinterface input conforms to an invocation phrase for the command bundle;and in response to determining the natural language user interface inputconforms to the invocation phrase, and based on the value being stored:performing, by the automated assistant application, the correspondingdiscrete actions of the given command bundle, including performing theat least one action using the value for the slot.